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Objective@#A longitudinal mediating model was designed to explore the relationship between sleep chronotype and depressive mood with stressful life events as the mediating variable, so as to provide reference basis for preventing depression in adolescents.@*Methods@#From March (T1) to October (T2) 2022, the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were administered in 1 251 middle school students in the first and second grades of a middle school in Meishan, Sichuan Province for a follow up study. Two wave of date on sleep time type, stressful life events, and depressive moods were collected.@*Results@#At T1, the detection rate of depressive mood was 22.5% in adolescents but 27.0% at T2.At the same time point, there were significant positive correlations between chronotype, stressful life events and depressive mood ( r=0.06-0.69, P <0.05). Cross lagged model results showed that early sleep chronotype could significantly predict later depressive mood ( β=0.53, P <0.05), and early depressive mood could significantly predict later sleep chronotype ( β=0.01, P <0.01). Longitudinal mediation model analysis showed that T1 sleep chronotype not only directly affected T2 depressive mood (direct effect value=1.421, 95% CI =0.985- 1.858 , P <0.01), but also affect T2 depressive mood through the partial mediating effects of T2 stressful life events (indirect effect value=1.268, 95% CI =0.810-1.726, P <0.05). Although T1 depressive mood was a direct predictor of T2 sleep chronotype (direct effect value=0.025, 95% CI =0.017-0.032), it was not a direct predictor of T2 sleep chronotype by partial intermediate action of T2 stressful life events (indirect effect value=-0.001, 95% CI = -0.006- 0.004, P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#Sleep chronotype can not only directly predict depressive mood of adolescents, but also indirectly affect depressive mood of adolescents through the longitudinal mediating effect of stressful life events. To prevent depression and improve mental health in this population, adolescents should develop the habit of early sleep schedule, and improve their ability to cope with stressful life events.
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Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin in Kangzhi syrup. Methods:The separation was performed on a Waters ODS2(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution(containing 0.1% triethylamine) with gradient elution,the detection wavelength was at 205 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1,and the column temperature was 30℃. Results: Ephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin was linear within the range of 0.169-3.380 μg(r=0.999 9)and 0.141-2.820 μg(r=0.999 7), respectively.The average recovery of e-phedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin was 98.8% and 99.1% with the RSD of 1.93% and 1.22%(n=6), respectively.Conclu-sion:The method is rapid and accurate for the simultaneous analysis of ephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin, which can provide a reliable way for the quality control for Kangzhi syrup.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Yizhi cream on vascular dementia in rats.Methods:The rat model of vascular de-mentia was established by the double thread ligation of bilateral common carotid artery. The rats in each dose group were intragastrically given Yizhi cream at high,medium and low dose for 30 days. Morris water maze was used to observe the effect of Yizhi cream on learn-ing and memory impairment in rats. The biochemical method was used to observe the levels of acetylcholine (Ach) and nitric oxide (NO),and the activity of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in serum was measured. The brain index was calculated to evaluate the state of cerebral edema. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue.Results: Compared with that in the model group,the escape latency in each Yizhi cream group was significantly shortened(P<0.05),the number of sites found in 3 min signif-icantly increased (P<0.05),the Ach content significantly increased (P<0.05),the NO content and NOS activity significantly de-creased (P<0.05),the brain index was significantly lowered (P<0.05), and the brain histopathology was significantly improved. Conclusion:Yizhi cream can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of vascular dementia rats,and notably improve the cerebral edema and brain histopathology in the rats with vascular dementia. The mechanism of action is related to reducing the serum NO content and NOS activity,enhancing the ability of oxidative damage prevention,reducing brain injury,increasing the Ach content and enhancing the function of cholinergic nerve.
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@#Ten compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction of Houttuynia cordata by silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties as well as spectral data. These isolated compounds were elucidated as sequinoside L(1), a new phenolic glycoside, together with nine known compounds, including sequinoside K(2), methyl chlorogenate(3), chlorogenic acid(4), hydroquinone(5), vanillic acid(6), hyperin(7), isoquercitrin(8), quercetin(9), and quercitrin(10). In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1-10 were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 macrophages. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 6 and 9 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity which was similar to that of positive control dexamethasone.
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Objective:To observe the therapeutic effects of Tongyushu capsules on dysmenorrhea. Methods:With the intravenous injection of oxytocin in rats, the influence of Tongyushu capsules on rat uterine smooth muscle was observed in vivo. With the intraper-itoneal injection of oxytocin to replicate the mouse model of dysmenorrhea, the effect of Tongyushu capsules on dysmenorrhea was ob-served. Using acetic acid writhing method, the effect of relieving pain Tongyushu capsules in mice was observed. By the method of ear swelling induced by xylene in mice, the anti-inflammatory effect of Tongyushu capsules was observed. By the method of ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of adrenaline, the influence of Tongyushu capsules on the acute blood stasis model in rats was observed. Results:Compared with those of the model group, the contraction of uterine smooth muscle of the groups treated with Tongyushu cap-sules at various dosage was decreased obviously (P<0. 05), the number of body torsion reaction induced by oxytocin and acetic acid in mice was obviously decreased in 15 min (P<0. 05), the degree of ear swelling in mice treated with Tongyushu capsules was signifi-cantly reduced (P<0. 05), and the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematokrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and erythro-cyte electrophoresis time were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Tongyushu capsules have obvious effects of the inhibi-tion of excessive contraction of uterine smooth muscle, dysmenorrhea alleviation, anti-inflammation and relieving pain, which show good therapeutic effect on dysmenorrhea.
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Objecfive To establish the quality standard of Zaodi Anshen Pills. Methods TLC method was used to identify Spinosae and Radix polygoni Multiflori. HPLC method was used to determine the schisandrin, deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B. Eclipse XDB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was adopted by gradient elution using MeOH-water solution as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was at 254 nm, column temperature was at 40 ℃ and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results The TLC spots were clear without interference of the negative control. The linear ranges of schisandrin, deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B were within 338-1690 ng (r 2=0.999 1), 128-640 ng (r 2=0.999 3) and 236-1180 ng (r 2=0.999 4), and the average recoveries were 99.2%, 99.0% and 98.9% respectively. Conclusion This method is accurate, reliable, specific and reproducible, and can be used for quality control of Zaodi Anshen Pills.
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Objective To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of thoracolumbar fractures treated by mono-segmental instrumentation in the fractured part for testing effect of such fixation mode on adjacent segments.Methods CT scanning data of T10-L2 were used to build a normal model at T10-L2 region,a fracture model at T12 segment as well as a mono-segment fixation or short-segment fixation model.Stress of discs and vertebral body adjacent to the fixed vertebrae were tested in axial compression,anteflexion,extention,lateroflexion,and axial rotation.Results The fracture model presented significant increase concerning stress of nucleus pulposus and annular fibrosus at T10-T11 segments and annular fibrosus at L1-L2 segments in anteflexion,extention,and lateroflexion when compared with the normal model.General raise range of the stress reached around 75％,but was dropped to 23％ after short-segment fixation and to 18％ after mono-segmental fixation.And again,stress of nucleus pulposus at L1-L2 segments was increased by 46％ or so,which was declined to 12％ after short-segment fixation and to 8％ after mono-segmental fixation.Stress at lower endplate of T10 and at upper endplate of L2 in the fracture model group were increased by 24％ and 43％ respectively when compared to the normal model,but both presented a notable drop after internal fixation.The latter was decreased to a level slightly higher than that of model group,namely 8％ more after short-segmental fixation and 4％ more after mono-segmental fixation; the former was decreased to a level even lower than that of control group,namely 2％ less after short-segmental fixation and 8％ less after mono-segmental fixation.Conclusion Mono-segmental fixation reduces adjacent disc stress in contrast to conventional short-segmental fixation and hence is an effective alternative treatment of monosegmental thoracolumbar fractures.